Classification of Forklift Models
Role and Types of Forklifts in Enterprise Logistics and Material Handling
The forklift is crucial to the logistics operations of businesses, serving as a primary tool for material handling. It finds extensive use across various sectors of the economy including stations, ports, airports, factories, and warehouses, enabling efficient mechanized tasks such as loading, unloading, stacking, and short-distance transport. The self-propelled forklift first emerged in 1917, and its development was accelerated during the Second World War. China began manufacturing forklifts in the early 1950s, coinciding with the nation's economic growth which spurred the transition from manual to mechanized handling.
This shift has driven substantial growth in the Chinese forklift market, seeing consistent double-digit increases annually in recent years. Forklifts are typically categorized into three main types: internal combustion, electric, and storage.
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Internal Combustion Forklifts
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General Internal Combustion Forklifts: These models, powered by diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, or natural gas engines, handle loads ranging from 1.2 to 8.0 tons. They operate efficiently in wider channels (3.5 to 5.0 meters) and are suited for outdoor and workshop environments where emissions and noise are less restrictive. Their continuous operation capability makes them ideal for tough conditions such as rainy weather.
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Heavy Duty Forklifts: Designed for heavier loads (10.0 to 52.0 tons), these forklifts are equipped with diesel engines and are primarily used in demanding outdoor settings like docks and steel industries.
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Container Forklifts: These forklifts, powered by diesel engines and capable of carrying 8.0 to 45.0 tons, specialize in handling containers. Variants include empty container stackers, heavy container stackers, and container frontal cranes, used extensively in container yards and harbor terminals.
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Side Forklifts: Operating without the need to turn, these forklifts can lift goods directly from their sides, making them suitable for handling long items like wood and steel. They are powered by diesel engines and typically handle loads from 3.0 to 6.0 tons.
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Electric Forklifts
- Electric forklifts are powered by electric motors and storage batteries, offering load capacities from 1.0 to 4.8 tons and operating in channels 3.5 to 5.0 meters wide. They are favored in industries requiring low noise and emissions, such as medicine and food processing. To facilitate multi-shift operations, these forklifts often include backup batteries due to the need for recharging every approximately 8 hours of use.
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